CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
I Cell
A. Definitions
B. Plasmalemma
1. compartmentalization
2. structure
a. lipid bilayer
b. proteins
c. semipermeable
3. crossing the membrane
a. passive transport (with concentration gradient)
1. diffusion
Animation: How Diffusion Works
a. osmosis (water)
1. hypertonic
2. hypotonic
3. isotonic
2. facilitated diffusion (protein pore)
b. active transport (with ATP and protein carrier)
C. Cytoplasm
1. definition: cytosol + organelles
2. cytoskeleton
3. organelles (small compartments)
a. mitochondria
1. �powerhouse of cell� - energy production
2. cell respiration: glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
b. membrane networks
1. rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) - protein synthesis
2. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) - lipid synthesis
3. Golgi apparatus - protein sorting and packaging
c. lysosomes
1. �demolition sites� - microdigestive system
D. Nucleus
1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
a. chromosomes vs. chromatin
2. replication (DNA to DNA)
3. �command central�
4. genes
E. Protein synthesis events
1. DNA recipe copied on to RNA molecule = (mRNA) = transcription
2. mRNA exit nucleus to ribosome
3. transfer RNA (tRNA) with amino acid joins mRNA at ribosome = translation
When you have finished this unit, you should be able to:
|
- describe the structure of the plasma membrane - explain the function of the plasma membrane - explain why a substance crosses a membrane passively - define hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic - explain why and how a substance crosses a membrane actively - contrast diffusion and osmosis - given specific conditions, determine if a substance will cross a membrane - list the different components of the cytoskeleton and explain how they differ - name the organelles in the cell and state the function of each - define cell respiration and where it occurs in the cell - define a "gene" - describe the role of DNA and RNA in making a protein - compare and contrast transcription and translation |
return to A&P outlines
return to A&P
return to Homepage
Last Updated: 9/9/24